Go Wild
Expert tips on what gardeners can do to rewild their outdoor space as summer draws to a close.
Autumn is upon us – and it’s a good time to plan some rewilding schemes.
If you’re emptying summer containers, considering what to do with your lawn and want to encourage wildlife to your beds and borders, there are some simple changes you can implement which will benefit biodiversity and be a magnet for insects.
“Autumn is a good planning time to make your garden more wildlife-friendly,” says Richard Bunting, director of Little Green Space, an award-winning environmental project.
“Rewilding offers hope and is a powerful solution for tackling nature and climate crises. If people start gardening in a way that helps nature bounce back, that will have a really big impact.”
You may think that your garden is too small to make any huge changes to the environment, but even the smallest spaces can undergo a rewilding make-over. Here are his top tips:
1>> Plant pollinator-friendly species Choose plants which will provide plenty of nectar and pollen all year round. If you are bulb-planting in autumn, snowdrops are a good bet, while lavender and clover are also insect magnets.
“Even if you’ve only got a window box you can make a difference by planting some nectar-rich flowers in it. Bumblebees can only fly for about 40 minutes between feeds so every nectar-rich flower you plant could be the pit stop which saves a bee,” says Bunting.
During autumn and winter, when most nectar rich plants are starting to die off, ivy’s flowers are now beginning to blossom, providing a vital late source of food for bees, butterflies and other pollinators.
2>> Welcome weeds Weeds are simply plants which are maybe in the wrong places, but are hugely beneficial to insects, and other wildlife so leave dandelions – which flower quite early – in your lawn, allow a patch of nettles to grow which will give butterflies places to lay their eggs and leave brambles and wild roses to do their thing, as they offer dense shelter for creatures. “Allowing dandelions to grow can give biodiversity a real boost, because dandelions can support over 50 species of insect,” he says.
3>> Leave your grass long Consider leaving at least some areas of your grass long, just cutting it occasionally. Flowers will spring up to provide blooms and seedheads which will attract insects and birds.
“We are finding that in some areas councils or people have over-mown, leaving the grass looking fried. Often, if you leave grass longer deliberately, those areas are often looking quite a lot better and can have a cooling effect,” says Bunting. “Mix up grass types, mow the grass close to the house, which will attract ground-nesting bumblebees, and if you have other areas create an area of wildflower meadow or just let the grass grow.”
4>> Avoid too much pruning before spring He advises gardeners to avoid cutting back perennials and other plants which may have seedheads for birds and insect habitats over the autumn and winter. “If plants have seeded, leave them for the birds. We’ve a patch of teasels which have come up this year and it’s been covered in bumblebees.
“I’ll leave it now and goldfinches will almost certainly descend on them during the autumn and in winter they will provide a shelter for bugs and beetles. Put off tidying up until early spring next year.”
5>> Plant native trees “Even in urban areas, if you can, plant a native tree which has a massive cooling effect on our living environments,” he says, recommending plum, crab apple, elderberry, hawthorn, holly and silver birch, all varieties that have evolved alongside wildlife. Planting a mixture of them will encourage different species.
“Consider small trees – rowan is fairly small and produces berries for wildlife, while fruit trees can be kept small and will produce fruit for you and for wildlife.”
6>> Avoid too much hard landscaping “It can be actively harmful to pave over gardens or put down plastic grass because they will add to urban heating and when we have flash floods they won’t be soaking up water, they will just be adding to the run-off problems we have, when towns and cities end up flooding,” he says, also advising gardeners to replace garden fences with hedgerows to allow nature to take the lead more.
7>> Leave things messy “Dead branches, logs and piles of leaves provide a habitat for insects and hedgehogs, whose populations are crashing. A messy corner will also provide nutrients to the ground.”
8>> Don’t over-dig Your soil needs to be healthy – and preferably peat-free – so let worms do the work instead of you endlessly digging. Create bare patches by rucking up the soil in a few places, which will encourage microhabitats for seeds to germinate, he advises.
9>> Include water Water is so beneficial to wildlife, so even a pond in a container can do wonders, he says. Try to incorporate some stones or gravel to create an entry and exit point for wildlife visitors